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七下新版人教版英语1到3单元的语法

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七下新版人教版英语1到3单元的语法
是七年级下新版,前三单元的语法要点!
七下新版人教版英语1到3单元的语法
2014年新人教版七年下各单元基础知识精讲
Unit 1 Can you play the guitar
语法•聚焦
“能”说“会”道的can
Hi, everyone! I’m “can”. Welcome to come and see my show!
【can的才艺展示】
1.表示能力,通常指在体力或脑力方面的能力,意为“能;会”.如:
He can speak English.他会说英语.
2.表示许可,意为“可以”,这时可以和may通用,但是比may较正式.如:
Can I use your pen?我可以用你的钢笔吗?
3.表示可能性,意为“可能”,这时常出现在否定句中.如:
It can’t be true.这不可能是真的.
4.表示提供帮助.如:
Can you help me?你可以帮助我吗?
【can的个性展示】
1.与动词原形“形影不离”
在句中,can不能独立作谓语,必须与动词原形共同充当句子的谓语.
2.没有人称和数的变化
当can与动词一起作句子的谓语时,无论主语是第几人称或单数、复数形式,can仍然保持自己的风格,不会发生任何变化.
【can的句式表演】
1.肯定句:主语+can+动词原形+其他.如:
Mary can play the drums.玛丽会敲鼓.
2.否定句:主语+can’t+动词原形+其他.如:
He can’t play the piano.他不会弹钢琴.
3.一般疑问句:Can+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定答语:Yes,主语+can.否定答语:No,主语+can’t.如:
—Can you play chess?你会下象棋吗?
—Yes,I can.是的,我会.(肯定回答)
—No,I can’t.不,我不会.(否定回答)
4.特殊疑问句:疑问词+can+主语+动词原形+其他?如:
What can I do for you?我能为你做点什么呢?
绿色通道:在做此题时,一定要注意play后面跟球类名词或乐器名词结构的区别.
巧学法园地
can的用法歌诀
can可用来表能力,但与实动不分离.
不管主语何变换,can的模样永不变.
只要句中出现can,动词原形后面站.
一般疑问can提前,否定can后not添.
Unit2【语法】
1.一般现在时:主语为第三人称单数,动词为第三人称单数形式
2.学习时间的表达法
二.难点讲评
1.What time do you get up?[来源:学§科§网]
释:这是一个由疑问词what time(几点)引导的特殊问句.
其结构:What time+助动词do/does +主语+动词原形,询问某人做某事的具体时间.
例如:what time do you begin class in the morning?你们早晨几点开课?
注:What’s the time=What time is it?也是用来询问时间,意为“几点了”.用it作答.
例如:What’s the time? It’s 7:30.几点了?七点半了.
2.I usually get up at five o’clock. 我通常在五点钟起床.
释: 1)句中usually与often 一样都是频度副词,常用于动词be 之后,行为动词之前.
always 意思是“总是”、“永远”,表示动作重复,状态继续,中间没有间断,通常
用来修饰动词的一般时态.
例如:We always get up before six o'clock.我们总是六点前起床.
若修饰动词进行时,则有“老是”,“再三地”的意思,带有厌烦、不满、赞美等感情色彩.例如:You are always coming late.你老是迟到.(含有责备的意思)
He is always thinking of others.他总是想着别人.
usually(75%)意为“通常”,着重表示已习惯的动作.反义词为:unusually.
例如:They usually have four classes in the morning.他们上午通常上四节课.
They usually do some shopping on Sunday.他们通常星期天买东西.
often(50%)意为“时常”、“经常”,表示常常这样,但不总是这样,反义词为: seldom.
例如:She often helps her mother with her housework after school.
放学后她常常帮助母亲做家务.
We often go to see our teacher.我们常去看望我们的老师.
sometimes(20%)表示“有时”、“不时”的意思,说明的是偶尔发生的事情或情况.它的位置比较灵活,可置于句首、句中、句末.
例如:Sometimes I come on foot.有时我步行来.
It is sometimes hot and sometimes cold here.这里有时,热有时冷.
下面的排列更直观地说明了这几个词的频率的"大小".
always>usually>often>sometimes>seldom>never
2)介词 at 常用于具体时刻之前,意义为 在…… ,如:at 5:00 在5:00钟.
o’clock=of the clock 表示 ……点钟 ,其前通常是整点,如:six/seven/eight o’clock 六/七/八点钟.
注:介词at 除了指时间以外,还可指1)人物的所在之处,如:at my uncle’s home 在我姑
姑家, at the station 在火车站.2)朝向,如:look at me!看我! 3)指速度或价格.
如:she buys the book at a good price 她以优惠的价格买了这本书.
3.What a funny time to eat breakfast! 在这个时间做早饭是多么有趣的啊!
释: 这是一个感叹句,what 意为 多么的,何等的 ,用于感叹句中,修饰后面的单数
或复数名词,其句式结构为:
(1)What a/an +形容词+单数名词+主语+谓语!
what a good girl she is!她是多么好的女孩啊!
(2)What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语!
What good girls they are!她们是多么好的女子啊!
(3)What +形容词+不可为名词+主语+谓语!
What terrible weather it is! 多么恶劣的天气啊!
注:how也可以引导感叹句,how 为副词,在感叹句中修饰动词,形容词或副词:
(1)How+形容词/副词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How cold it is! 多冷啊! How hard he works! 他工作多么努力啊!
(2)How+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How he loves his son! 他多么爱他的儿子啊!
(3)How+形容词+a/an+单数可数名词+陈述句(主语+谓语)
How tall a tree it is! 多么高的一棵树啊!
4.After breakfast he plays his guitar ,then he goes to work.
早餐以后,他练习吉它,然后他去上班了.
释:1)go to work的意思是“去上班”,work是不可数名词,其前面不加冠词,该短语同
go to school“去上学”.
例如:They go to work by car. 他们开车去上班.
We go to school by bus.我们乘公共汽车上学.
5.To get to work, he takes the number17 bus to the Sai Te Hotel.为了工作,他乘坐17路公交车到赛特宾馆.
释:动词take在此时“乘坐”的意思;而by也有“乘坐”的意思,但它是介词.
比较:He often takes the bus to work= He often go to work by bus..他经常乘公交车上班.
注:动词词组作谓语,介词短语作状语.
6.He works all night.他工作一整夜.释:all修饰一个表示时间的单数可数名词,表示整个这一段时间.
例如:Don’t read all day.不要整天看书.He stays at home all morning.他整个上午呆在家.
7.Peoplelove to listen to him.人们喜欢听他的!
释:love to do sth.=like to do sth. very much.喜欢做某事,强调具体活动.而love doing sth.=
like doing sth. very much则强调习惯.
例如:Do you come out to play with me?你喜欢出来和我玩吗?
I like watching TV.我喜欢看电视.
8.hear与listen to
释:hear 意为“听见”,表示听的结果,而listen to则表示“听”,强调的是“听”的动作.
如:Let’s listen to the music. 咱们听音乐吧!
We listen but don’t hear.我们听了,但什么也没听见.
9.He gets home at 7:00,and he watches morning TV.他七点钟回家,然后看早见新闻.
释:1)句中get 意为 “到达 ”,后接地点名词时,要加介词to,后接副词时,不能加to,例如:She gets to school at six o’clock.她六点钟到校.
注: home 是一个副词,所以其前不能加介词to,但home也可作名词,这时其前有物主代词时,可以加to,
例如:She gets to her home at eight o’clock.她8点钟到家.
Can you get there at eight tomorrow morning? 明天上午八点你能到那儿吗?
2)句中 morning news 表示 早间新闻 ,其中news 是一个不可数名词.
例如:a piece of news  一条新闻 ,two pieces of news 两条新闻 .
Watch……On TV 表示 通过电视看……节目 .
例如:We often watch football game on TV. 我们经常通过电视看是球赛.
10.Canyou think what his job is?你能想到他的工作是什么吗?
释:这里what his job is表示“他的工作是什么 ”,其中,what his job I 作think的宾语.英语中类似的表达很多,它们在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等.
例如:What she says is very good.她说得很好.(作主语.注意,谓语动词要用单数.)
The book is just what you want.这本书正是你想要的.(作表语)
I don't know what you say.我不懂你说的话.(作宾语)
11.Whattime is it?-几点了?-It’s eight thirty. 八点三十分.
释:本句是就具体时刻进行提问的,what time 意为“几点”,这是特殊问句,它的同义句为:What’s the time?/What time is it by your watch? 在回答这个句子时,要用It’s +钟点.
注:英语时刻的表达法:顺读法和逆读法.
顺读法:钟点数+分钟数.
例如:4:25→four twenty-five,6:58→six fifty-eighth,7:→seven o‘clock
说明:这种表达不论分钟数是多少,均可使用.
逆读法:分钟为+介词to/past+钟点数,可分两种情况:
1)分钟为不超过半小时,用分钟数+past(/pa:sth./过)+钟点数.
例如:4:23→twenty-three past four,5:19→nineteen past five.
2)分钟数超过了半小时,用(所差的)分钟的+to+(下一个)钟点为.
例如:7:31→twenty-nine to eight,10:58→two to eleven
说 明:在逆读法中分钟数逢 “五”逢 “十”可省略minute(s).否则应加上.当然,英语习惯上把十五分钟(fifteen)称作一刻a quarter(kwo:to),三十分钟(thirty)称为half/half,因此10:30,可以用两种表达方式,halfpast ten,ten thirty.
12.Thanks for your letter.感谢你的来信.
释:thanks for… 表示“因…而感谢某人”.for是介词,后跟名词,代词宾格或者动名词.
例如:Thanks for your help. 感谢你帮助我.
Thanks for telling me the good news.谢谢你告诉我这好消息.
13.Do you want to know about my morning?你想知道关于我的早晨吗?
释:1)该句中 want to do…句型.表示“想要做某事”,该短语中want为及物动词,后面的to do
是不定式(英语中把to+动词称为不定式)作want的宾语,不定式符号不可以省略.
例如:I want to play the drum. 我想打鼓.
I want to see my old teacher next week.下周我想去看我以前的老师.
2)want也可以带名词或代词作宾语.
例如:I want a bottle of orange.我想要一瓶桔汁.
He wants you in the classroom. 他想要你进教室去.
3)know about 知道有关…,了解有关…,句中about 意为“关于,有关”的意思.
14.about与on
释:about作介词,意为“关于、大约、对于”.作“关于”解,可用on代替.
例如:a song about him有关他的一首歌.
on作介词,意为“关于”.侧重于书籍、文章、演讲的严肃性或学术性,指可供专门研究某一问题的人阅读的书籍.
例如:a book on the history 有关历史的书.
注:在动词learn、read、quarrel、hear和名词story后一般用about而非on.
15.Ido my homework at 6:30.六点半我做家庭作业.

释:do homework意为做家庭作业,其中homework为不可数名词,这个短语=do one’s lessons.
16.Schoolstarts at nine o’clock.学校九点开始上课.
释:start=begin,意为“开始”.常见句型有start/begin to do sth.和start/begin doing sth.
例如:She starts/begins to learn English.她开始学习英语、
They start/begin learning English.他们开始学习英语了.
17.Pleasewrite and tell me about your morning.请写信告诉我你的早晨.
释:1)tell sb.about sth.告诉某人有关某事的情况.
例如:My father often tells me about China.我爸爸经常告诉我有关中国的情况.
2)write sb. a letter=write a letter to sb.给某人写信.
例如:She often writes me a letter=She often writes a letter to me.她经常给我写信.
18.一般现在时(to do 句型)
1)句型语序:主语——谓语(行为动词)——宾语——状语
2)主谓一致:主语三单,谓语三单;主语非三单,谓语用原形.
3)句型转换:变疑问句首加do/does,谓语动词用原形;变否定谓语动词原形前加don’t/doesn’t.
注:一般现在时的第三人称单数动词的变化规则:
(1).一般在动词词尾加“s”.如:like→likes,play→plays.
(2).以ch,sh,s,x,o结尾的动词,在词尾加es,如:do→does,teach→teaches,go→goes
(3).以“辅音字母+y”结尾的词,变y为i,再加es.如:fly→flies,apply→applies study→studies
Unit 3 重点语法:
词汇辨析.:1. take/spend/pay/cost
spend,cost,take和pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同.
spend的主语必须是人, 常用于以下结构:
(1) spend time /money on sth. 在……上花费时间(金钱).例:I spent two hours on this maths problem. 这道数学题花了我两个小时.
(2) spend time / money (in) doing sth. 花费时间(金钱)做某事.例:They spent two years (in) building this bridge. 造这座桥花了他们两年时间.
cost的主语是物或某种活动, 还可以表示“值”, 常见用法如下:
(1)sth. costs (sb.) +金钱, 某物花了(某人)多少钱.例:A new computer costs a lot of money. 买一台新电脑要花一大笔钱.
(2) (doing) sth. costs (sb.) +时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间.例:Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. 他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词.
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句.
take后面常跟双宾语, 常见用法有以下几种:
(1) It takes sb. +时间+to do sth. 做某事花了某人多少时间.例:It took them three years to build this road. 他们用了三年时间修完了这条路.
(2)doing sth. takes sb. +时间,做某事花了某人多少时间.例:Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. 他花了一下午修车.
pay的基本用法是:(1) pay (sb.) money for sth. 付钱(给某人)买…….例:I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. 我每个月要付20英磅的房租.
(2)pay for sth. 付……的钱.例:I have to pay for the book lost. 我不得不赔丢失的书款.
(3)pay for sb. 替某人付钱.例:Don't worry! I'll pay for you. 别担心, 我会给你付钱的.
(4)pay sb. 付钱给某人. 例: They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬.
(5)pay money back 还钱.例:May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I'll pay it back next week. 你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你.
2. get to/ arrive in/arrive at/ reach
reach后不用加介词如 I reach school.
get要加介词,但接副词时不用如THERE HOME HERE
get to直接加地方
arrive in/at也直接加地方,但IN 是大地方,AT是小地方
reach,get,get to,arrive in/at都是及物动词,但arrive 不加介词时是不及物动词,可以不加宾语.
如:I arrive 我到达了.
不能说I reach,/get/,get to,它们后面要加宾语.
3. other/others/the others/the other/another
1.other可作形容词或代词,做形容词时,意思是“别的,其他”,泛指“其他的(人或物)”.如: Do you have any other question(s)? 你还有其他问题吗? Ask some other people. 问问别人吧! Put it in your other hand. 把它放在你另一只手里.
2.the other指两个人或物中的一个时,只能用the other,不能用another,此时的other作代词.如: He has two daughters. One is a nurse, the other is a worker. 他有两个女儿,一个是护士,另一个是工人. the other后可加单数名词,也可加复数名词,此时的other作形容词.如: On the other side of the street,there is a tall tree. 在街道的另一边,有一棵大树. Mary is much taller than the other girls. 玛丽比其他的女孩高得多.
He lives on the other side of the river. 他住在河的对岸.
3.others是other的复数形式,泛指“另外几个”,“其余的”.在句中可作主语、宾语.如: Some of us like singing and dancing, others go in for sports. 我们一些人喜欢唱歌和跳舞,其余的从事体育活动. Give me some others, please. 请给我别的东西吧! There are no others. 没有别的了.
4.the others意思是“其他东西,其余的人”.特指某一范围内的“其他的(人或物)”.是the other的复数形式.如: Two boys will go to the zoo, and the others will stay at home. 两个男孩将去动物园,其余的留在家里..the others=.the other+可数名词复数
5.another=an other,既可作形容词,也可作代词,只能用于三个或更多的人或物,泛指同类事物中的三者或三者以上的“另一个”,只能代替或修饰单数可数名词.如: I don’t like this one. Please show me another. 我不喜欢这一个,请给我看看另一个. I have three daughters. One is a nurse, another is a teacher and another is a worker. 我有三个女儿.一个是护士,另一个是教师,还有一个是工人
1. take的用法.
㊀、 拿,取 I want to take some books to the classroom. 我想拿些书到教室.
㊁、 吃,喝,服用,放 ① Take this medicine three times a day. 每天吃三次药. ② Do you take sugar in your milk? 你喝的牛奶里放糖吗?
㊂、 乘车(船)等 ① Shall we go there by bike or take a taxi? 我们是骑自行车去那还是坐出租车去? ② They usually take a bus to work. 他们通常乘公交车上班.
㊃、 常常和it连用,it在句子中作形式主语,真正的主语是后面的不定式.翻译成“花费(时间、金钱)等” ① How long will it take you to do your homework every day? 每天做作业要花费你多长时间?
② It usually takes her 20 yuan to buy books every week. 每周买书通常要花费她20元钱.
㊄、“做……事情”,常常和名词连用,表示与该名词意义相关的动作 例如:take a walk散步, take a rest休息一下, take a look看一看等等. 构成常用的重要词组:
1. take away 拿走 Tom takes the knife away from the little boy. 汤姆从小男孩手里把刀拿走了.
2. take care (=be careful=look out) Take care! The car is coming! 小心!车来了!
3. take (good) care of (好好)照顾,照料 I can take care of the baby all by myself. 我自己能照顾这个小孩. 4. take down 取下来 Take down the picture and put up the map of the world. 摘下这张图画,挂上一幅世界地图.
5. takeout 拿出 Please take out apiece of paper and write down your names on it, OK? 拿出一张纸,在上面写下你们的名字,好吗?
6. takeoff脱下;飞机(等起飞) ① Sorry! You have to take off your shoes before getting into the computer room. 对不起,在进入微机室之前,先要把你的鞋子脱掉. ② The plane is going to take off soon. 飞机马上就要起飞了.
7. take one's temperature 量体温 Ming Ming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now. 明明生病了,大夫正在给他量体温.