英文介绍京剧演员所接受的训练、教育

英文介绍京剧演员所接受的训练、教育
英语口语课要用的
主题是：the way that preformers prepare for their involvement in Beijing Opera,including their education and training.
有翻译更好……

Becoming a Beijing opera performer requires a long and arduous apprenticeship beginning from an early age.[39] Prior to the 20th century,pupils were often handpicked at a young age by a teacher and trained for seven years on contract from the child's parents.Since the teacher fully provided for the pupil during this period,the student accrued a debt to his master that was later repaid through performance earnings.After 1911,training took place in more formally organized schools.Students at these schools rose as early as five o'clock in the morning for exercises.Daytime was spent learning the skills of acting and combat,and senior students performed in outside theatres in the evening.If they made any mistakes during such performances,the entire group was beaten with bamboo canes.Schools with less harsh training methods began to appear in 1930,but all schools were closed down in 1931 after the Japanese invasion.New schools were not opened until 1952.[40]
Performers are first trained in acrobatics,followed by singing and gestures.Several performing schools,all based on the styles of famous performers,are taught.Some examples are the Mei Lanfang school,the Cheng Yanqiu school,the Ma Lianliang school,and the Qi Lintong school.[41] Students previously trained exclusively in the art of performance,but modern performance schools now include academic studies as well.Teachers assess the qualifications of each student and assign them roles as primary,secondary,or tertiary characters accordingly.Students with little acting talent often become Beijing opera musicians.[42] They may also serve as the supporting cast of foot soldiers,attendants,and servants that is present in every Beijing opera troupe.[43] In Taiwan,the Ministry of National Defense of the Republic of China runs a national Beijing opera training school