现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别.
来源:学生作业帮 编辑:大师作文网作业帮 分类:英语作业 时间:2024/11/17 05:11:11
现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别.
我们主要学习的是现在完成时(have done)和现在完成进行时(have been doing)这两种时态.为了方便同学们了解和掌握,现就这两种时态的相同点与不同点分析如下:
相同点
1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如:
I have worked in this school since 2001.
I have been working here since 2001.
2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内延续的动作.如:
Mr. Smith has lived here for 20 years.
Mr. Smith has been living here for 20 years.
以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互相换.但两种时态也存在有用法上的差别.
不同点
首先,从定义上来看,现在完成时(have done)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already“已经”或ever “曾经”连用,如:
We have already learnt Unit 2. (我们已经学习了第二单元.)
She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩.)
而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且还要进行下去的动作,具有未完成的特点,一般不与already或ever等连用,如:
We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元.(没学完)
注意以下两组句子含义上的区别:
I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完)
I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,还没有看完)
Who has eaten my dinner? (表示“全吃光了”)
Who has been eating my dinner? (表示“还有一些剩下”)
第二,相对于现在完成时表示次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,请看以下句子:
I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.)
I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见她.)
第三,现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如:
You look so tired, what have you been doing?
你看起来很累,做什么了?(强调动作)
We are very tired. We’ve been cleaning the house.
我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致)
We’ve cleaned the house. You may come in now.
我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果“房子干净”)
练习:
1. -You looked exhausted!
-Yes, I ________(play) tennis and I _______( not play) for ages, so I’m not used to it.
2. He ________ (lose) money for years. ( and will probably continue to lose money.)
3. I _______ (read) your book. ( I haven’t finished it.)
4. I _______ (read) your book. (I’ve finished it.)
5. You _______ (cough) a lot lately. You should give up smoking.
Keys: 1. have been playing, haven’t played
2. has been losing
3. have been reading
4. have read
5. have been coughin
1)这两个时态的主要差别是,现在完成时表示动作业已完成, 而完成进行时却不一定如此:
I’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕.(已做好)
I’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕. (不一定做好了)
She’s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画.(已画好)
She’s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画.(可能还没画好)
They’ve built a bridge. 他们建了一座桥.(已建好)
They’ve been building a bridge. 他们一直在建一座桥.(可能还在建)
He’s written a novel. 他写了一部小说.(已完成)
He’s been writing a novel. 他在写一部小说.(可能尚未完成)
2)许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时:
I’ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了.
The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了6个月.
Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他.
We’ve had terrible weather for nearly two weeks. 几乎有两星期天气都很恶劣.
They’ve owned the house for many years. 这房子他们已经拥有许多年了.
I’ve always thought you’re right. 我一向认为你是对的.
但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时:
I’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想这样做.
Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证.
Which judge has been hearing the case? 哪位法官在审这个案子?
She has been having a tooth out. 她在拔牙.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时是“进行时”与“完成时”的结合体,在许多场合它不仅体现进行时的特点,而且也经常体现完成时的特点.我们在使用现在完成时与现在完成进行时的时候,要注意以下几种情况:
1. 大“同”小“异”.延续性动词(如work, study, live, teach, wait等)用在现在完成进行时与现在完成时中意思差不多,现在完成进行时只是现在完成时的强调形式.如:The teacher has been teaching at this school for 5 years. 五年来这位老师一直在这所学校教书.The teacher has taught at this school for 5 years. 这位老师在这所学校已经教了五年书了.
2. 动作的“结束”与“延续”.英语中的多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同的意思.现在完成时如果不带表示一段时间的时间状语,就只能表示动作的完成;而现在完成进行时则无论是否有时间状语,都表示动作的持续.(但要注意:短暂性的动词不能用于现在完成进行时中.)如:They have built a new bridge. 他们已建造了一座新桥.(表示动作的完成)They have been building the new bridge (these years). 他们(这几年)一直在建造这座新桥.(表示动作仍在继续) I have done that. 那事我已做了.(表示动作的完成)I have been doing that.我一直在做那件事.(表示动作仍在继续)
3. “生动”与“平叙”.现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩;而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有感情色彩可言.如:Who's been eating my apples? 谁一直在吃我的苹果? (有感情色彩,表示不满)Who's eaten my apples? 谁吃了我的苹果? (只是希望得到一个回答)
相同点
1. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在的动作.如:
I have worked in this school since 2001.
I have been working here since 2001.
2. 现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示一段时间内延续的动作.如:
Mr. Smith has lived here for 20 years.
Mr. Smith has been living here for 20 years.
以上句子用现在完成时与现在完成进行时,含义上没有什么差别,两种时态可以互相换.但两种时态也存在有用法上的差别.
不同点
首先,从定义上来看,现在完成时(have done)表示的是已经完成的动作或者状态,常常与already“已经”或ever “曾经”连用,如:
We have already learnt Unit 2. (我们已经学习了第二单元.)
She is the most beautiful girl I have ever seen. (她是我见过的最漂亮的女孩.)
而现在完成进行时则表示的是从过去某一时刻开始一直延续到现在,并且还要进行下去的动作,具有未完成的特点,一般不与already或ever等连用,如:
We have been learning Unit 2. 我们一直在学习第二单元.(没学完)
注意以下两组句子含义上的区别:
I have read the novel. 我看过那本书了. (已看完)
I have been reading the novel. (一直在看,还没有看完)
Who has eaten my dinner? (表示“全吃光了”)
Who has been eating my dinner? (表示“还有一些剩下”)
第二,相对于现在完成时表示次性,现在完成进行时可以表示动作的重复,请看以下句子:
I have met him at the library. (我在图书馆见过他.)
I have been meeting him at the library. (我经常在图书馆看见她.)
第三,现在完成时和现在完成进行时都可以表示刚刚结束的动作,但在含义上有区别.现在完成时强调的是动作的结果,而现在完成进行时强调的则是动作的过程.如:
You look so tired, what have you been doing?
你看起来很累,做什么了?(强调动作)
We are very tired. We’ve been cleaning the house.
我们很累,我们刚才在打扫房子.(强调该动作所导致)
We’ve cleaned the house. You may come in now.
我们打扫过房子了,你可以进来了.(强调结果“房子干净”)
练习:
1. -You looked exhausted!
-Yes, I ________(play) tennis and I _______( not play) for ages, so I’m not used to it.
2. He ________ (lose) money for years. ( and will probably continue to lose money.)
3. I _______ (read) your book. ( I haven’t finished it.)
4. I _______ (read) your book. (I’ve finished it.)
5. You _______ (cough) a lot lately. You should give up smoking.
Keys: 1. have been playing, haven’t played
2. has been losing
3. have been reading
4. have read
5. have been coughin
1)这两个时态的主要差别是,现在完成时表示动作业已完成, 而完成进行时却不一定如此:
I’ve made a cake. 我做了一个蛋糕.(已做好)
I’ve been making a cake. 我一直在做一个蛋糕. (不一定做好了)
She’s painted a picture. 她画了一幅画.(已画好)
She’s been painting a picture. 她在画一幅画.(可能还没画好)
They’ve built a bridge. 他们建了一座桥.(已建好)
They’ve been building a bridge. 他们一直在建一座桥.(可能还在建)
He’s written a novel. 他写了一部小说.(已完成)
He’s been writing a novel. 他在写一部小说.(可能尚未完成)
2)许多静态动词都只能用于完成时而不能用于完成进行时:
I’ve known that for a long time. 这事我已经知道很久了.
The strike has lasted six months. 这次罢工已经持续了6个月.
Nobody has seen him since last week. 从上周起就没人见到过他.
We’ve had terrible weather for nearly two weeks. 几乎有两星期天气都很恶劣.
They’ve owned the house for many years. 这房子他们已经拥有许多年了.
I’ve always thought you’re right. 我一向认为你是对的.
但当意思发生转变时也可能用于完成进行时:
I’ve been thinking of doing so for a long time. 我好久以来一直想这样做.
Tom has been seeing about a work permit for you. 汤姆一直在设法帮你取得工作许可证.
Which judge has been hearing the case? 哪位法官在审这个案子?
She has been having a tooth out. 她在拔牙.
现在完成时与现在完成进行时
现在完成进行时是“进行时”与“完成时”的结合体,在许多场合它不仅体现进行时的特点,而且也经常体现完成时的特点.我们在使用现在完成时与现在完成进行时的时候,要注意以下几种情况:
1. 大“同”小“异”.延续性动词(如work, study, live, teach, wait等)用在现在完成进行时与现在完成时中意思差不多,现在完成进行时只是现在完成时的强调形式.如:The teacher has been teaching at this school for 5 years. 五年来这位老师一直在这所学校教书.The teacher has taught at this school for 5 years. 这位老师在这所学校已经教了五年书了.
2. 动作的“结束”与“延续”.英语中的多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同的意思.现在完成时如果不带表示一段时间的时间状语,就只能表示动作的完成;而现在完成进行时则无论是否有时间状语,都表示动作的持续.(但要注意:短暂性的动词不能用于现在完成进行时中.)如:They have built a new bridge. 他们已建造了一座新桥.(表示动作的完成)They have been building the new bridge (these years). 他们(这几年)一直在建造这座新桥.(表示动作仍在继续) I have done that. 那事我已做了.(表示动作的完成)I have been doing that.我一直在做那件事.(表示动作仍在继续)
3. “生动”与“平叙”.现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩;而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实、一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有感情色彩可言.如:Who's been eating my apples? 谁一直在吃我的苹果? (有感情色彩,表示不满)Who's eaten my apples? 谁吃了我的苹果? (只是希望得到一个回答)