大师作文网关于“what + 名词”结构的详细用法
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/19 04:21:20
关于“what + 名词”结构的详细用法
经常见到下面这样的句子,不知如何理解：
I gave them what money I had.
He collected what information he could find.
He spent what little time he had writing novels.
经常见到下面这样的句子,不知如何理解：
I gave them what money I had.
He collected what information he could find.
He spent what little time he had writing novels.
关系型“what+名词”结构是英语中一个十分有用的结构,也是一个比较难理解的结构,尤其是当阅读中遇到涉及该结构的复杂句子时,若不能正确理解,往往会步入误区.
一、该结构的两个用法特点
1.特指性.即其中的名词表示特指意义,此时的what 在用法上大致相当于the.如：
I will give you what help I can.
=I will give you the help I can.我会尽我的力量帮助你.
What possessions I have are yours.
=The possessions I have are yours.我所有的财产都是你的.
注：单独使用的what也往往具有特指性,而加了后缀-ever的whatever则往往具有非特指性.如：
I took what was on the kitchen table.我拿了厨房桌子上的东西.(what=that which)
I’ll send whatever is necessary.我将寄来所有需要的东西.(whatever= anything that)
2.微量性.即这样用的what除表示特指外,有时还含“量不多”之意.将“特指性”和“微量性”结合起来,该结构的意思就是“虽不多,但全部”,有时可译为“仅有”.如：
I gave them what money I had.我把我仅有的钱都给了他们.
=I gave them the money I had,although I did not have much.我的钱虽不多,但我把这些钱都给了他们.
What friends Mary has are out of the country.玛丽仅有的几个朋友都在国外.
=The few friends Mary has are out of the country.玛丽仅有的几个朋友都在国外.
He collected what information he could find.他搜集自己所能找到的仅有的一些信息.
He collected the little information he could find.他搜集自己所能找到的仅有的一些信息.
注：该结构并不是总具有这种“微量性”,即有时有,有时没有,到底如何理解,视具体语境而定.
二、微量性的明确与强化
上面讲到“what+名词”结构并不是总具有“微量性”,即有时有,有时没有.如果要想明确或强化这种微量性特点,我们可以在该结构的名词前加上表示微量的修饰语few(用于复数名词前)或little(用于不可数名词前).如：
He spent what little money he had on books.他把仅有的一点钱都用来买书了.
He spent what little time he had writing novels.他把仅有的一点时间都用来写小说.
What little free time he had was spent with the family.他仅有的一点空余时间都是与家人在一起度过的.
What few friends she has are out of the country.她仅有的几个朋友都在国外.
注：由于该结构本身带有“微量性”的特点,所以它从来就不能与表示“多量”的many,much连用.
三、其后所接名词的数
1.后接不可数名词.如：
What money I have will be yours when I die.我一死我的钱就都给你.
What money he has comes from his family.他所有的钱都是家里给的.
He saw what food I bought.他看见了我所买的食物.
I’ll give you what help I can.我会尽我所能来帮你.
2.后接可数名词的复数形式.如：
What family and friends I still have live abroad.我现在所有的家人和朋友都住在国外.
注意：接可数名词时,只能用复数,而不用单数.如：
我把我所有的书都给他了.
误：I gave them what book I had.
正：I gave them what books I had.
一、该结构的两个用法特点
1.特指性.即其中的名词表示特指意义,此时的what 在用法上大致相当于the.如：
I will give you what help I can.
=I will give you the help I can.我会尽我的力量帮助你.
What possessions I have are yours.
=The possessions I have are yours.我所有的财产都是你的.
注：单独使用的what也往往具有特指性,而加了后缀-ever的whatever则往往具有非特指性.如：
I took what was on the kitchen table.我拿了厨房桌子上的东西.(what=that which)
I’ll send whatever is necessary.我将寄来所有需要的东西.(whatever= anything that)
2.微量性.即这样用的what除表示特指外,有时还含“量不多”之意.将“特指性”和“微量性”结合起来,该结构的意思就是“虽不多,但全部”,有时可译为“仅有”.如：
I gave them what money I had.我把我仅有的钱都给了他们.
=I gave them the money I had,although I did not have much.我的钱虽不多,但我把这些钱都给了他们.
What friends Mary has are out of the country.玛丽仅有的几个朋友都在国外.
=The few friends Mary has are out of the country.玛丽仅有的几个朋友都在国外.
He collected what information he could find.他搜集自己所能找到的仅有的一些信息.
He collected the little information he could find.他搜集自己所能找到的仅有的一些信息.
注：该结构并不是总具有这种“微量性”,即有时有,有时没有,到底如何理解,视具体语境而定.
二、微量性的明确与强化
上面讲到“what+名词”结构并不是总具有“微量性”,即有时有,有时没有.如果要想明确或强化这种微量性特点,我们可以在该结构的名词前加上表示微量的修饰语few(用于复数名词前)或little(用于不可数名词前).如：
He spent what little money he had on books.他把仅有的一点钱都用来买书了.
He spent what little time he had writing novels.他把仅有的一点时间都用来写小说.
What little free time he had was spent with the family.他仅有的一点空余时间都是与家人在一起度过的.
What few friends she has are out of the country.她仅有的几个朋友都在国外.
注：由于该结构本身带有“微量性”的特点,所以它从来就不能与表示“多量”的many,much连用.
三、其后所接名词的数
1.后接不可数名词.如：
What money I have will be yours when I die.我一死我的钱就都给你.
What money he has comes from his family.他所有的钱都是家里给的.
He saw what food I bought.他看见了我所买的食物.
I’ll give you what help I can.我会尽我所能来帮你.
2.后接可数名词的复数形式.如：
What family and friends I still have live abroad.我现在所有的家人和朋友都住在国外.
注意：接可数名词时,只能用复数,而不用单数.如：
我把我所有的书都给他了.
误：I gave them what book I had.
正：I gave them what books I had.