英语翻译NUTRITION OF NON-RUMINANT HERBIVORESThe species which ar

英语翻译
NUTRITION OF NON-RUMINANT HERBIVORES
The species which are raised commercially in a number of tropical
countries are rabbits and guinea pigs.Unfortunately,as in the case of
poultry,the intensive "modern" feeding systems are invariably based on
conventional,mostly "non-tropical" feed resources and no serious
attempt has been made to re-assess their nutritive requirements when
alternative "tropical" feeds are used.Advances are now being made in
the design of feeding systems for rabbits,using tropical feeds (see
Chapter 4),but as yet there are no reports of possible savings in protein
requirements,for example that might be achieved y replacing cereal grain
with low-protein sugar or oil-rich energy feeds.Theoretically,savings48 Nutrition of non-ruminants
should be possible as the same arguments concerning digestive processes
apply to non-ruminant herbivores as to pigs.There is an urgent need to
make such studies in the newly developed feeding systems being used for
rabbits,and to begin comparable research with guinea pigs.
The most recent version of the recommendations of the ARC on
nutrient requirements of rabbits and guinea pigs was published in 1977
(ARC,1977).Since this date,much research has been done on the
digestive physiology and metabolism in these species,although it has not
been interpreted in terms of recommendations on nutrient requirements.
It must also be made clear,however,that almost always this research
was done using conventional "temperate" feed resources (e.g.,maize,
soya bean meal and alfalfa),which are neither available nor sustainable
in the way they are produced in temperate countries (e.g.,dependence on
fossil-fuel derived inputs and excessive use of water for irrigation).On
such feeding systems the objectives of maximizing biological efficiency
led progressively to a reduced capacity to utilize herbaceous plants.
Emphasis was put on optimizing availability of glucose and amino acids,
which was favoured by the use of diets with high levels of starch (from
cereal grains) and preformed protein (from dietary protein).The role of
microbial synthesis in the caecum and the utilization of this source of
amino acids by coprophagy was largely ignored (Cardozo,A.,1993,
personal comm-unication).

营养非反刍食草动物
其中提出的一个商业上的热带物种数量
国家家兔和豚鼠.不幸的是,在案件
家禽中,密集的“现代”进料系统总是基于
传统的,大多是“非热带”的饲料资源,无严重
已试图重新评估其营养要求当
另类“热带”饲料使用.目前正在进展中作出
兔子的饲养系统的设计,采用热带饲料（见
第4章）,但尚未有可能的储蓄没有报告的蛋白质
要求,例如可能取代谷物取得Ÿ
饲料低蛋白糖或油丰富的能源.从理论上讲,savings48营养非反刍动物
应尽可能相同的参数有关消化过程
适用于非反刍草食动物如猪.目前迫切需要
使新开发的进料系统被用于这类研究
兔子,并开始与几内亚猪可比的研究.
该建议的弧线最新版本
家兔和豚鼠营养要求在1977年出版
（弧,1977）.由于迄今为止,已经做了很多研究对
消化生理和代谢这些物种,但它并没有
被解释的建议方面的营养需求.
还必须明确,但是,几乎总是这样的研究
是利用传统的“温和”饲料资源（如玉米,
黄豆粉和苜蓿）,这既不可以不可持续
他们的方式产生在温带国家（如依赖
化石燃料产生的投入和过度使用的灌溉水）.论
这种饲喂系统生物学效率最大化的目标
领导能力,逐步减少利用草本植物.
重点放在了优化的葡萄糖和氨基酸的可用性,
这是赞成由淀粉的饮食与高浓度使用（从
谷物）和预制蛋白（来自饮食蛋白）.中的作用
微生物合成的盲肠和利用这一来源
由食粪氨基酸在很大程度上被忽视