英语翻译CouplingsA coupling is a mechanicl device for uniting or

英语翻译
Couplings
A coupling is a mechanicl device for uniting or connecting parts of a mechanical system.This lesson concerns itself with those couplings which are used on machine shafts for the purpose of transmitting torque,Couplings may be employed for a permanent or semi-permanent connection between shafts,or for disconnection of machine components to permit one member to run while the other is stationary.
Commercial shafts are limited in length by manufacturing and shipping requirements so that it is necessary to join sections of long transmission shafts with couplings.Couplings are also required to connect the shaft of a driving machine to a separately built driven unit.Permanent couplings are referred to simply as couplings,while those which may be readily engaged to transmit power,or disengaged when desired,usually are called clutches.
Rigid couplings are permanent couplings which by virtue of their construction have essentially no degree of angular,axial,or rotational flexibility,they must be used with conllinear shafts.
The flange coupling shown in Figure 2-3 is perhaps the most common coupling.It has the advantage of simplicity and low cost,but the connected shafts must be accurately aligned to avoid severe bending stress and excessive wear in the bearings.The length of the hub is determined by the length of the key required,and the hub diameter is approximately twice the bore.The thickness of the flange is determined by the permissible bearing pressure on the bolts.Although usually not critical,the shearing stress on the cylindrical area where the flange joins the hub should be checked.
A collar coupling,shown in Figure 2-4,consists of a cylindrical collar pressed over the ends of the two collinear shafts being connected,approximately one-half of the collar connecting each shaft.Usually one or more radial pins completely through each shaft and the collar,or setscrews,may be used to ensure that there is no undesired radial moment.A variation of the collar coupling results if a cylindrical part of one shaft fits concentrically into female bored portion in the second shaft and pins,setscrews,or other suitable fasteners are used.
Upon occasion it is desired that couplings be able to accommodate reasonable amounts of axial angularity between shafts,a small amount of eccentricity between parallel shafts,or axial moment of shafts during use.Flexible couplings may be employed for any or all of these cases.In addition,torsionally flexible couplings may be employed to adsorb some of the torque in the shaft,or to permit large amounts of torsionally flexibility as in fluid couplings or torque converters.

联轴器
耦合是一个机械装置的团结或连接部分的机械系统.这一课本身的关注与这些接头用于机器轴,目的是传递扭矩,联轴器可被雇用的一个永久性或半永久性连接轴,或脱节的机器部件,允许一个成员国运行,而另一是固定不动的.
商业轴是有限长度的制造和运输要求,有必要加入节传动轴长期与接头.联轴器还需要连接轴的驾驶机器建立一个单独驱动的单位.常驻接头被称为仅仅是接头,而那些可能随时参与发射功率,或脱离时,理想的,通常被称为离合器.
刚性联轴器是永久性的接头凭借其建筑已基本上没有度角,轴向,或转动的灵活性,他们必须使用联轴.
法兰耦合如图2-3也许是最常见的,联轴器的优点是简单,成本低,但连接轴必须准确一致,以避免严重的弯曲应力和过度磨损的轴承.的长度枢纽是由长度的关键要求,以及中心的直径大约是两倍厚度的法兰是由允许轴承的压力通常不严重,剪切应力圆柱地区的法兰加入枢纽应进行检查.
衣领耦合,如图2-4 ,由一个圆柱压力衣领以上的两端的两个共轴连接,大约有一半的衣领每个连接一个或多个径向引脚完全通过每个轴和衣领,或 ,可用于确保不出现不必要的径向时刻.更改的衣领耦合的结果,如果圆柱的一部分,一个适合骨干到钻孔部分女性在第二轴和别针,,或其他合适的紧固件使用.
奉之际它是理想的接头能够容纳合理数量的轴向轴之间的角度,少量的偏心轴之间的平行,或轴的轴矩在使用过程中.柔性接头可被雇用的任何或所有这些案件.此外,扭矩灵活的接头可能会被用来吸附一些扭矩的骨干,或允许大量的扭矩的灵活性,在型液力偶合器或扭矩转换器