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英语中现在完成进行时和现在完成时有什么区别?

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英语中现在完成进行时和现在完成时有什么区别?
英语中现在完成进行时和现在完成时有什么区别?
1)现在完成进行时和现在完成时皆可表示动作对现在产生的结果,但前者所表示的结果是直接的,而后者所表示的则是最后的结果.如: We have been cleaning the classroom.(a) We have cleaned the classroom.(b) (a)句可译为“我们打扫教室来着.”其直接结果可能是:我们身上都是灰.(b)句可以译为“我们把教室打扫过了.”其结果是:现在教室很清洁,可以用了.又,(a)句表示教室刚刚打扫过,(b)句则可能表示教室是昨天打扫的. Be careful! John has been painting the door.(a) John has painted the door.(b) (a)句表示约翰刚刚把门油漆过,现在油漆还未干,所以你要小心.(b)句则无此含义,油漆可能已干了. (2)现在完成进行时有时有延续性,现在完成时往往没有.如: They have been widening the road.(a) They have widened the road.(b) (a)句的意思是他们在加宽马路,但尚未完工.(b)句的意思则是已完工了.有时现在完成时有延续性(如一些属于持续体的动词),但无临时性质.如: Mr. Smith has been living in London since 1978.(a) Mr. Smith has lived in London since 1979.(b) (a)句有“史密斯先生在伦敦久居”的含义,(b)句则没有. (3)但现在完成进行时并不总是具有临时的性质,如: My mother has been teaching English for twenty years.(a) My mother has taught English for twenty years.(b) (a)句在此并无临时性质,但较口语化.(b)句则较为正式.又,(a)句表示动作现在仍在继续.并将延续下去,(b)句的动作是否延续下去,须由上下文决定,但在一般情况下都是延续下去的. (4)现在完成进行时往往表示动作在重复,现在完成时则常常不带重复性.如: Have you been meeting her lately?(a) Have you met her lately?(b) (a)句有“经常相会”之意,(b)句则没有.(b)句如与often,every day等时间状语连用,当然也表示动作在重复. (5)现在完成进行时比较生动,有时含有明显的感情色彩,而现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,平铺直叙,没有什么感情色彩可言.如: What have you been doing?(a) What have you done?(b) (a)句表示惊异.(b)句只是一个问题. Have you been waiting long?(a) Have you waited long?(b) (a)句较(b)句生动.又,(a)句比较口语化. I have been wanting to meet you for long.(a) I have long wanted to meet you.(b) (a)句比(b)句更亲切,更有礼貌. Recently Mary has been doing her work regularly.(a) Recently Mary has done her work regularly.(b) (a)句显然是在表扬玛丽.(b)只说明一个事实. 下面还有一例,颇为有趣: Who's been eating my apples?(a) Who's eaten my apples?(b) (a)句有强烈的感情色彩,表示愤怒不满,(b)句只是希望回答的一个问题.又,(a)句兼有进行时态,所以有“苹果未被全部吃光”的意思,(b)句是完成时态,说明“苹果一个不剩了”. 过去完成时 1) 概念:表示过去的过去