大师作文网我是个英语极差的学生,想了解英语有哪几种时态.有哪几种句型结构,和语法.
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/17 17:22:30
我是个英语极差的学生,想了解英语有哪几种时态.有哪几种句型结构,和语法.
英语时态
英语共有十六个时态、四个体.（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行.）
英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如：直陈式,命令式等.
（1）一般现在时
基本形式（以do为例）：
第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；
肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；
He works for us.
否定句：主语＋don‘t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他；
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他.
肯定回答：Yes,（＋ 主语＋do/does）．
否定回答：No,（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.）
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't
What does he do for us?
He works for us.
（2）一般过去时
be动词＋行为动词的过去式
否定句式：在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was／were＋not；
was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
例如： Did he work for us?
He didn't work for us.
He worked for us.
（3）一般将来时
am／are／is＋going to＋do 或
will／shall＋do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
will + 动词原形；
例如：He is going to work for us.
He will work for us；
He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!
(4)过去将来时
be（was,were）going to+动词原形
be（was,were）about to+动词原形
be（was,were）to+动词原形
肯定句：主语+be（was,were）going to+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+be（was,were）not going to+动词原形～.
疑问句：Be（Was,Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～?
肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.
疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～?
He would work for us.
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)
表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事.
例如：I am buying a book.
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式）
第三人称+is+doing+sth
例：He is working.
(6)过去进行时
肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.
(7)将来进行时
主语+will + be +现在分词
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)现在完成时
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\
He has worked for us for ten years.
Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)过去完成时
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
否定回答：No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）
语法判定:
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点.如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点.如：
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点.如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
（shall）will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth.
He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)现在完成进行时
基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念
have/has been +-ing 分词
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作）
(16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
举例：
英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来）
现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示：
一般现在时：I listen
现在进行时：I am listening
过去进行时：I was listening
现在完成时：I have listened
现在完成进行时：I have been listening
一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
将来进行时：I shall be listening
一般过去时：I listened
过去完成时：I had listened
过去完成进行时：I had been listening
将来完成时： I shall have listened
将来完成进行时： I shall have been listening
五种基本句式
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式.这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的.这五个基本句式如下： 1．主语+不及物动词(S+V)
(1)主语+谓语(不及物动词).例如：
The students are listening. 学生们正在听.
(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语.例如：
He looked carefully. 他仔细地看.
2．主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)
此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后常跟名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或动词不定式等.例如： Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗?
I finished reading the text． 我读完了课文.
He decided to buy a computer．他决定买—台电脑.
应该注意的是,不及物动词与介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语.例如： Ann is waiting for Kate at the school gate. 安正在校门口等凯特.
3．主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词等.初中阶段常见的系动词有be,feel,taste,smell,seem,look(看起来),get(变),become(变),turn(变)等.例如： She is a music teacher．她是一位音乐教师.
The fish smells terrible．It must be bad．这条鱼很难闻.一定是变质了.
应该注意的是,有些系动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我.
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象.
They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼.
They grow rice in their hometown．他们在家乡种水稻.
Please turn the sentence into English．请把这个句子译成英语.
4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO)
此句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语,指物的宾语叫直接宾语,通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后.有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或 to.
(1)间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find等.例如： Uncle Li bought me a birthday present．(=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.)
李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物.
(2)间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass等.例如： Please pass him a cup of tea．(=Please pass a cap of tea to him．)请递给他一杯茶.
(3)间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有do,leave,write,bring等.例如： He brought me a dictionary.(=He brought a dictionary for/to me．)他给我带来了一本词典.
应该注意的是,若直接宾语是人称代词时,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前.例如：
误：Please give me them.
正：Please give them to me.
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)
此句型中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语意思才完整,宾语和宾语补足语全称为复合宾语.常见的用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式、介词短语等.
(1)后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,make,choose,think等.例如： We call him Tom for short．我们简称他为汤姆.
(2)后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,make,find,get,think等.例如： It's very hot here． We'd better keep the windows open．这儿很热.我们最好让窗子开着.
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语：
He told us to keep quiet in the hospital．他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静.
Let me try again．让我再试试.
I often hear her sing in the next room．我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌.
My father often helps me(to) study English．我父亲经常帮我学习英语.
(4)后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有feel,hear,see,watch,keep,find等.例如： We found a man lying on the ground．我们发现一个男人躺在地上.
(5)后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,take等.例如： I'll keep the words in my mind．我将记住这些话.
句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语.
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示.主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后.谓语由动词充当.谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成.如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成.如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后.
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示.表语使用形容词,不用副词. 例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面.宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构.例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）,例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）,例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）.宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当.一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）
英语共有十六个时态、四个体.（注：四个体为——一般、进行、完成、完成进行.）
英语中的四个体相当于法语、西班牙语以及所有印欧语系罗曼语族中的式,如：直陈式,命令式等.
（1）一般现在时
基本形式（以do为例）：
第三人称单数：does（主语为非第三人称单数）；
肯定句：主语＋动词原形＋其他；
He works for us.
否定句：主语＋don‘t/doesn't＋动词原形＋其他；
He doesn't work for us.
一般疑问句：Do/Does＋主语＋动词原形＋其他.
肯定回答：Yes,（＋ 主语＋do/does）．
否定回答：No,（＋主语＋don't/doesn't.）
特殊疑问句：疑问词+一般疑问句语
Does he work for us?
Yes, he does.
No, he doesn't
What does he do for us?
He works for us.
（2）一般过去时
be动词＋行为动词的过去式
否定句式：在行为动词前加didn‘t,同时还原行为动词,或was／were＋not；
was或were放于句首；用助动词do的过去式did提问,同时还原行为动词
例如： Did he work for us?
He didn't work for us.
He worked for us.
（3）一般将来时
am／are／is＋going to＋do 或
will／shall＋do
am/is/are/about to + do
am/is/are to + do;
一般将来时的表达方法
be going to +动词原形
be +不定式,be to+动词原形,be about to ＋动词原形
be able to +不定式
be about to+动词原形
will + 动词原形；
例如：He is going to work for us.
He will work for us；
He is coming.这是特殊的用一般现在时 表达 将来时态 的例子!
(4)过去将来时
be（was,were）going to+动词原形
be（was,were）about to+动词原形
be（was,were）to+动词原形
肯定句：主语+be（was,were）going to+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+be（was,were）not going to+动词原形～.
疑问句：Be（Was,Were）+主语+going to+动词原形～?
肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形～.
否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形～.
疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形～?
He would work for us.
(5)现在进行时
主语+be+v.ing〔现在分词〕形式(其中v表示动词)
表示现在正在进行的动作或最近在做的事.
例如：I am buying a book.
第一人称+am+doing+sth
第二人称+are+doing +sth （doing是泛指所有的v-ing形式）
第三人称+is+doing+sth
例：He is working.
(6)过去进行时
肯定句：主语+was/were+doing+其它
否定句：主语+was/were+not+doing+其它
一般疑问句及答语：Was/Were+主语+doing+其它 ；答语：Yes,I主语+was/were./No,I主语+wasn't/weren't.
特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+was/were+主语+doing+其它
He was working when he was alive.
(7)将来进行时
主语+will + be +现在分词
He will be working for us.=He will work for us.
(8)过去将来进行时
should(would)+be+现在分词
He said that he would be working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(9)现在完成时
基本结构：主语+have/has+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Have/Has+主语+过去分词+其他
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（have/has+主语+过去分词+其他\
He has worked for us for ten years.
Has he worked for us for ten years.
(10)过去完成时
基本结构：主语+had+过去分词(done)
①肯定句：主语+had+过去分词+其他
②否定句：主语+had+not+过去分词+其他
③一般疑问句：Had+主语+过去分词+其他
肯定回答：Yes,主语+had
否定回答：No,主语+hadn't
④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词+一般疑问句（had+主语+过去分词+其他）
语法判定:
（ 1 ） by + 过去的时间点.如：
I had finished reading the novel by nine o'clock last night.
（ 2 ） by the end of + 过去的时间点.如：
We had learnt over two thousand English words by the end of last term.
（ 3 ） before + 过去的时间点.如：
They had planted six hundred trees before last Wednesday.
(11)将来完成时
（shall）will+have+动词过去分词
before+将来时间或by+将来时间
before或by the time引导的现在时的从句
He will have worked for us.=He will work for us.
(12)过去将来完成时
should / would have done sth.
He said that he would have worked for us.=He said that he would work for us.
(13)现在完成进行时
基本与现在完成时相同,但是现在完成进行时只能表示仍然持续的概念
have/has been +-ing 分词
He has been working for us for ten years.=He has worked for us for ten years.
(14)过去完成进行时
had been +-ing 分词
He said that he had been working for us for ten years.=He said that he had worked for us for ten years.
(15)将来完成进行时
主语+ shall/will have been doing
He will have been working for us.=He will work for us.
翻译为：他最近一直在为我们工作（过去在工作,现在在工作,将来还会工作）
(16)过去将来完成进行时
should+have been+现在分词用于第一人称
would have been+现在分词用于其他人称
He said that he would have been working for us.=He said that he would work for us.
举例：
英语中有12个主要时态,都来自于三时（过去、现在、将来）
现在以I listen为例,举例英语中有12个主要时态如下所示：
一般现在时：I listen
现在进行时：I am listening
过去进行时：I was listening
现在完成时：I have listened
现在完成进行时：I have been listening
一般将来时：I shall listen”或“I will listen.”
将来进行时：I shall be listening
一般过去时：I listened
过去完成时：I had listened
过去完成进行时：I had been listening
将来完成时： I shall have listened
将来完成进行时： I shall have been listening
五种基本句式
英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式.这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子.换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的.这五个基本句式如下： 1．主语+不及物动词(S+V)
(1)主语+谓语(不及物动词).例如：
The students are listening. 学生们正在听.
(2)主语+谓语(不及物动词)+状语.例如：
He looked carefully. 他仔细地看.
2．主语+及物动词+宾语(S+V+O)
此句型中的谓语动词是及物动词,其后常跟名词、代词、动词的-ing形式或动词不定式等.例如： Do you like apples? 你喜欢苹果吗?
I finished reading the text． 我读完了课文.
He decided to buy a computer．他决定买—台电脑.
应该注意的是,不及物动词与介词连用时,其后也可跟宾语.例如： Ann is waiting for Kate at the school gate. 安正在校门口等凯特.
3．主语+系动词+表语(S+V+P)
此句型中的谓语动词为连系动词,作表语成分的有形容词、名词、代词等.初中阶段常见的系动词有be,feel,taste,smell,seem,look(看起来),get(变),become(变),turn(变)等.例如： She is a music teacher．她是一位音乐教师.
The fish smells terrible．It must be bad．这条鱼很难闻.一定是变质了.
应该注意的是,有些系动词同时也是及物动词,可构成SVO句式,例如： He looked me up and down．他上下打量我.
He reached his hand to feel the elephant．他伸出手来摸象.
They are tasting the fish．他们在品尝鱼.
They grow rice in their hometown．他们在家乡种水稻.
Please turn the sentence into English．请把这个句子译成英语.
4. 主语+及物动词+间接宾语+直接宾语(S+V+InO+DO)
此句型中的及物动词后跟双宾语,指人的宾语叫间接宾语,指物的宾语叫直接宾语,通常情况下间接宾语在前,直接宾语在后.有时也可把间接宾语置于直接宾语后,此时间接宾语前需加介词for或 to.
(1)间接宾语后置与for连用的动词有buy,make,cook,get,choose,sing,find等.例如： Uncle Li bought me a birthday present．(=Uncle Li bought a birthday present for me.)
李叔叔给我买了一件生日礼物.
(2)间接宾语后置与to连用的动词有give,lend,teach,take,return,send,pass等.例如： Please pass him a cup of tea．(=Please pass a cap of tea to him．)请递给他一杯茶.
(3)间接宾语后置既可与for也可与to连用的动词有do,leave,write,bring等.例如： He brought me a dictionary.(=He brought a dictionary for/to me．)他给我带来了一本词典.
应该注意的是,若直接宾语是人称代词时,通常情况下将其置于间接宾语之前.例如：
误：Please give me them.
正：Please give them to me.
5. 主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语(S+V+O+OC)
此句型中的宾语后需跟上宾语补足语意思才完整,宾语和宾语补足语全称为复合宾语.常见的用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、动词不定式、动词的-ing形式、动词的-ed形式、介词短语等.
(1)后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call,name,make,choose,think等.例如： We call him Tom for short．我们简称他为汤姆.
(2)后跟形容词作宾语补足语的动词有keep,make,find,get,think等.例如： It's very hot here． We'd better keep the windows open．这儿很热.我们最好让窗子开着.
(3)动词不定式作宾语补足语：
He told us to keep quiet in the hospital．他告诉我们在医院里要保持安静.
Let me try again．让我再试试.
I often hear her sing in the next room．我经常听到她在隔壁唱歌.
My father often helps me(to) study English．我父亲经常帮我学习英语.
(4)后跟动词的-ing形式作宾语补足语的动词有feel,hear,see,watch,keep,find等.例如： We found a man lying on the ground．我们发现一个男人躺在地上.
(5)后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep,find,take等.例如： I'll keep the words in my mind．我将记住这些话.
句子成分
（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分.句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语.
（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面.主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示.主语由名词性的词来充当. 例如：
During the 1990s, American country music has become more and more popular.（名词）
We often speak English in class.（代词）
To swim in the river is a great pleasure.（不定式）
Smoking does harm to the health.（动名词）
The rich should help the poor.（名词化的形容词）
When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.（主语从句）
It is necessary to master a foreign language.（it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式）
（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后.谓语由动词充当.谓语的构成如下：
1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成.如：He practices running every morning.
2、复合谓语：
（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.注意:这里面的动词原形非常重要. 如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.
（2）由系动词加表语构成.如：We are students.
（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态,它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后.
表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示.表语使用形容词,不用副词. 例如：
Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）
Is it yours?（代词）
The weather has turned cold.（形容词）
The speech is exciting.（分词）
Three times seven is twenty one?（数词）
His job is to teach English.（不定式）
His hobby is playing football.（动名词）
The machine must be out of order.（介词短语）
Time is up. The class is over.（副词）
The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）
（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者,一般位于及物动词和介词后面.宾语由名词性的词充当,宾语分为动词宾语和介词宾语,分别构成动宾结构和介词结构.例如：
They went to see an exhibition yesterday.（名词）
The heavy rain prevented me form coming to school on time.（代词）
How many dictionaries do you have? I have five.（数词）
They helped the old with their housework yesterday.（名词化形容词）
He pretended not to see me.（不定式短语）
I enjoy listening to popular music.（动名词短语）
I think（that）he is fit for his office.（宾语从句）
宾语种类：
（1）双宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语）,例如：Lend me your dictionary, please.
如果同学搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得白一点,双就是两个的意思.
（2）复合宾语（宾语+宾补）,例如：They elected him their monitor.
（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的意义完整.带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）.宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当.一句话语法: 宾语补足语使用形容词,不用副词.例如：
His father named him Dongming.（名词）
They painted their boat white.（形容词）
Let the fresh air in.（副词）
You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.（不定式短语）
We saw her entering the room.（现在分词）
We found everything in the lab in good order.（介词短语）
We will soon make our city what your city is now.（从句）
（七）定语：修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语.一句话语法:定语使用形容词 定语可由以下等成分表示：
Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词）
China is a developing country; America is a developed country.（分词）
His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）
Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）
The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动名词）
He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）
（八）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分.可由以下形式表示：
Light travels most quickly.（副词及副词性词组）
He has lived in the city for ten years.（介词短语）
He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（不定式短语）
He is in the room making a model plane.（分词短语）
Wait a minute.（名词）
Once you begin, you must continue.（状语从句）
状语种类如下：
How about meeting again at six?（时间状语）(表示时间就是时间状语,那表示原因的呢? 对喽,就是原因状语)
Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因状语）
I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.（条件状语）
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点状语）
She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式状语）
She came in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随状语）
In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.（目的状语）
He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果状语）
She works very hard though she is old.（让步状语）
I am taller than he is.（比较状语）