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反意疑问句的含义,结构和反意疑问句的特例,

反意疑问句是由两部分组成的,前一部分是对事物的陈述（即陈述句）,后一部分是简短的提问（即简短疑问句）,中间用逗号隔开.如果前一部分用肯定句,后一部分就用否定疑问句；如果前一部分用否定句,后一部分就用肯定疑问句.两部分的人称和时态要一致.其回答是用yes或no来表示.1.祈使句.祈使句后一般加上will you或won't you构成反意疑问句,用will you 多表示“请求”,用won't you 多表示提醒对方注意.例如：Look at the blackboard,will you/ won't you?看黑板,好吗?Let引导的祈使句有两种情况：1)Let's...,后的反意疑问句用shall we或shan't we.例如：Let's go home,shall we/ shan't we?回家吧,好吗?还可以用may I来表示征求对方的同意或许可.2)Let us/me...后的反意疑问句用will you或won't you.例如：Let me have a try,will you/won't you?让我试一试,行吗?2.感叹句.感叹句后加反意疑问句时,其反意疑问句需用be的一般现在时态的否定形式.例如：What fine weather,isn't it?多好的天气啊,是吧?3.当陈述部分谓语动词是need,dare,used to,且这些词被用作实义动词时,其反意疑问句需用do的适当形式.例如：He needs help,doesn't he?他需要帮助,是吗?4.陈述部分主、谓语是I am...时,反意疑问句用aren't I 或ain't I ,而不是am not I (可用am I not).例如：I'm working now,ain't 我在工作,是吗?5.陈述部分的主语是everything,nothing,anything或something 时,反意疑问句的主语应用代词it.例如：Something is wrong with my radio,isn't it?我的收音机出毛病了,是吧?6.陈述部分的主语是 everybody,everyone,anybody,anyone,somebody,someone,nobody,no one,none,neither 时,其反意疑问句的主语需用复数代词they.例如：Everyone is here,aren't they?大家都到了,是吗?No one knows about it,do they?没有人知道这件事,对吗?7.陈述部分的主语是指示代词this或that时,反意疑问句的主语用it,当陈述部分的主语是指示代词these或those时,其反意疑问句的主语用they.例如：This is a plane,isn't it?这是一架飞机,是吗?These are grapes,aren't they?这些是葡萄,是吗?8.陈述部分的主语是不定代词one时,反意疑问句的主语可以用one,也可用you(美式英语用he).例如：One should be ready to help others,shouldn't one?每个人都应该乐于助人,是吧?9.当陈述部分含有以下这些含有否定意义的词时：few,little,seldom,hardly,never,not,no,no one,nobody,nothing,none,neither等,其反意疑问句需用肯定结构.例如：He is never late for school,is he?他上学从不迟到,是吗?10.当陈述部分所含的否定词是通过加前缀或后缀构成的,其后的反意疑问句依然用否定结构.例如：It is unfair,isn't it?这不公平,是吧?11.含有否定含义的词在陈述部分作动词的宾语时,其反意疑问句用肯定结构,也可以用否定结构.例如：You got nothing from him,did you?你从他那儿什么也没得到,是吗?12.当陈述部分主语是从句、不定式(短语)、动词-ing形式时,反意疑问句的主语应该用it.例如：What you need is more important,isn't it?你需要的东西更重要,是吧?13.当陈述部分含I think (believe,suppose...)that...结构时,其反意疑问句须与从句的主、谓语保持一致,注意主句的主语必须是第一人称.例如：I don't think he will come,will he?我认为他不会来,对吗?14.have(has)不是表示“有”的意思,并在句中做谓语时,其反意疑问句的助动词要用do,does,did.例如：They had a meeting just now,didn't they?他们刚才开了个会,是吗?15.陈述部分有have to 时,其反意疑问句要用助动词的否定形式.例如：You have to water the vegetables every day,don't you?你每天都要浇菜,对吧?16.陈述部分是there be句型时,其反意疑问句中要用there.例如：There was a hospital here,wasn't there?过去这儿有家医院,是吗?17.陈述部分有had better时,反意疑问句中要用hadn't.例如：We had better go to school at once,hadn't we?我们现在最好马上去上学,好吗?18.当陈述部分含有情态动词must时,我们便要分析一下must的含义.如果must 作“一定；要；必须”讲,反意疑问句须用mustn't或needn't；而当must作推测意义“一定是；必定”讲时,反意疑问句则需根据must后的动词原形选用相应的形式.例如：He must work hard at physics,mustn't he?他必须努力学物理,是吧?Tom must be at home,isn't he?汤姆一定在家,是吧?