大师作文网请问英语“个”怎么说?“件”怎么说?
来源：学生作业帮 编辑：大师作文网作业帮 分类：英语作业 时间：2024/11/17 01:14:49
请问英语“个”怎么说?“件”怎么说?
汉语量词与英文用法对照
1、一群
一群人 a crowd／group／multitude／throng／army／team／class of people；a gang／swarm／horde／pack／band of people（in a derogatory way）
troop 通常指聚在一起活动的、生气勃勃的一群人.如：
a troop of demonstrators／shoppers／visitors
bevy 特指女性的“一群”,有时指鸟类,尤指鹌鹑或云雀.如：
a bevy of actresses／young women／ladies／shop girls／quails
表贬义的“一群”有：a mob of angry people／rioters／slaves／liars／blackguards
horde 原意为游牧部落,通常含有轻蔑色彩：
a horde of lazy-bones／swindlers／locusts／hooligans
band；gang 常指“帮”：
a band of robbers／gangsters／thieves／outlaws
a gang of criminals／slaves／prisoners
一群牛、象、马、天鹅 a herd of cattle／elephants／horses／swans
一群鸟 a flock of birds／geese／hens／goats／swallows／sheep／chickens
一群猎狗 a pack of hounds／wolves／grouse
一群狐狸 a skulk of foxes
一群狮子 a pride of lions
一群星星 a cluster of stars
一群鱼 a school／shoal of fish／shrimps
一群马 a stud／drove of horses
一群鹅 a gaggle／flock of geese
一群蚊子／蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes／butterflies
一群（窝）蚂蚁 a colony of ants／bees
一群建筑物 a clump／complex of buildings
2、一丝／点／层／片
一片草皮 a chunk of turf
一丝睡意 a wink of sleep
一丝怀疑 a shadow of doubt
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一线未来之光 a glimpse of future
一缕月光 a streak of moonlight／amber（fig）
一丝绿意；一片绿色 a tint of green
一片心意 a small token of our hearts
一丝嫉妒；一阵窘迫 a slight twinge of jealousy／embarrassment
一丝恻隐之心 a sign of sympathy for...
一丝懊悔 a slight twinge of remorse
一层霜／雪／糖霜 a layer of frost／snow／cream
一丝失望的眼神 a flicker of disappointment
（剩下）一口气／一丝气 a spark／breath of life
一丝失望的情绪 a taint／faint of disappointment
一片漆黑 completely dark；dismal night；pitch dark
一片汪洋 a flood of water
3、英译“一阵”,颇有学问,且看以下译例
（突然爆发出的）一阵哭泣／喝彩／炮击／雷声
a burst of tears／cheers／gunfire／thunder
（量如洪水的）一阵泪雨／瓢泼大雨／夸夸其谈
a flood of tears／rain／boasts
少量或稀疏的
一阵（小）雨／射击 a spatter of rain／bullets
一阵稀疏的掌声／喝彩 a spatter of applause／cheers
声响很大的
一阵隆隆的炮声／雷声 a peal of artillery／thunder
突然而猛烈的
一阵暴雨／狂风／烈火 a gust／blast of rain／wind／flame
持续短暂的
一阵怒气／激情／咳嗽 a fit of anger／passion／coughing
一阵呕吐 a vomiting fit
持续一段时间的
一阵厄运／暑热 a spell of bad luck／summer heat
一阵寒潮 a cold spell of weather
一阵昏厥 a fainting spell
（针捻刀刺般的）一阵内疚／牙痛／风湿痛 a twinge of remorse／toothache／rheumatism
一阵尴尬 a twinge of embarrassment
（抽搐或颤抖的）一阵痛苦／伤心／咳嗽／激动 a spasm of pain／grief／coughing／excitement
雹打雨淋般的
一阵轰炸／打击／咒骂 a hail of bombs／blows／curse
一阵弹雨／批评 a shower of bullets／criticism
更多的例子
一阵欢乐 an agony of joy
一阵子爱意 a flush of love
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一阵心脏病发作 a stroke of heart attack
一点点满足 a crumb of satisfaction
一种混乱的政治局面 a chaos of politics
4、“一阵”为何有这么多不同的译法
其实原因很简单,汉语“一阵”这个数量词不含修辞色彩,可用于各类描述；而在英语中,“一阵”这个概念则是由许多不同的名词来表述的,而且这些词一般分别具有不同的修辞色彩.如：
spatter “少量”,“稀疏”之义；
peal 专指一阵响亮或轰鸣的声音；
twinge 特指肉体或心灵上的一阵剧烈的刺痛；
burst 泛指突然爆发出的一阵,有突如其来之感；
hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很浓,有雹打雨淋之感；
spell常用于描述天气、疾病等,表持续一阵子；
flood一词比喻色彩浓厚,给人以量如洪水,滔滔不绝之感；
gust则专指风、雨、雹、火、烟等的突然而猛烈的一阵.也可用喻感情的猛烈进发；
fit常指持续时间短暂的一阵——尤指疾病的短暂发作或感情的短暂进发；
spasm原指痉挛,抽搐,用于动作、感情的一阵突发时,表抽搐或浑身颤抖之感.
由此可见,英译“一阵”,宜细心推敲,酌情翻译.
5、其他类似的汉译英所用的修辞性的用法
a）暗喻Metaphor
一串香蕉a hand of bananas
颗颗汗珠beads of sweat
一长串汽车a string of cars
很大的朋友圈a large circle of friends
b）借代Metonymy
一串珍珠 a rope of pearls
一炉钢 a heat of steel
一年三熟 three crops a year
一大群飞机 a cloud of planes
林立的烟囱 a forest of chimneys
一片沙滩 a beach of sands
c）夸张Hyperbole
多如牛毛的问题 a sea of troubles
一大笔钱 a pile of money
勃然大怒 a wave of anger
开怀大笑 gales of laughter
无数次 heaps of times
小不点 a dot of child
一小撮敌人 a pinch of enemy
滔滔不绝的话语 a flood of words
6、英语常用单位词及汉语对应词（Commonly-used unit nouns and their Chinese equivalents）
piece块；片；段；项；件；篇；首；幅；张
a piece of bread／paper／wood／furniture／land／advice／news／meat／cloth／music...
bit一点；一些；一片
a bit of water／wood／grass／trouble...
item条；则；项
an item of news／information／business／programme...
article件；项；条
an article of furniture／clothing／luggage／export...
grain粒；颗
a grain of ricce／wheat／salt／sand...
drop滴
a drop of water／oil／rain／blood／dew...
slice薄片
a slice of meat／bread／cake／ham...
cake块
a cake of soap／mud／ice...
bar块；条
a bar of chocolate／candy／soap...
ear穗
an ear of corn／rice／wheat／millet...
loaf块；条
a loaf of bread...
lump块；团
a lump of clay／sugar／earth...
spiral盘
a spiral of mosquito incense...
card板
a card of buttons
pack副；盒
a pack of cards／cigarettes
fistful（s）一把
a fistful of sand／rice...
handful（s）一把
a handful of soil...
armful（s）一抱
an armful of flowers...
cupful（s）一杯
four cupfuls of jam...
mouthful（s）一口
a mouthful of snow／whys...
spoonful（s）一汤匙
a spoonful of sugar...
spadeful（s）一铲
a spadeful of coal...
bagful（s）一袋
a bagful of letters...
但an eyeful of…的意思是“对……大饱眼福”
truckload一货车
a truckload of apples...
shipload一船
a shipload of TV sets...
lorryload一卡车
a lorryload of iron...
fit一阵子
a fit of coughing／fever／laughter／anger／...
ray一线
a ray of hope／intelligence／sunlight…
peal一阵
a peal of thunder／laughter／applause...
flash闪现一下
a flash of hope／lightening／wit...
display炫耀一下
a display of power／courage／force／learning／skill...
attack一疾病的发作
an attack of fever／malaria
group组；群；批
a group of students...
team队：组
a team of experts／footballers／scientists...
gang帮；伙；群；队；组
a gang of four／thieves／robbers...
army大群；队
an army of beggars／ants／bees...
troop群；伙
a troop of soldiers...
host大群
a host of friends／heroes...
pack群；伙
a pack of liars／thieves／rascals／hounds...
band帮；伙
a band of music（players）／brigands...
choir队；组；群
a choir of singers...
bunch串；束；挂；群；帮；伙
a bunch of bananas／fools／flowers／keys／thieves．
bouquet束；把
bouquet of flowers
string串；挂；节
a string of beads／pearls／words／thread
sheaf p1．sheaves捆；束
a sheaf of wheat／arrows／papers
crew帮；伙；全体
a crew of sailors／pilots
party组；伙；批
a party of guests／children...
batch批
a batch of letters／telegrams／visitors...
gaggle群
a gaggle of geese／girls...
litter一窝
a litter of kittens／little piglets／puppies...
herd群
a herd of elephants／deer／cattle...s
swarm群
a swarm of ants／locusts／bees／people／stars...
cluster串；束；群；组
a cluster of flowers／grapes／bees／islands／stars...
a cluster of butterflies／grapes／berries／consonants／houses
brood窝；群；组
a brood of chickens／paintings／thieves...
school群
a school of whales／dolphins...
shoal群
a shoal of fish／whales／people...
flock群
a flock of geese／birds／pigeons／ducks／visitors／customers...
dozen一打
a dozen（of）pencils／eggs／red roses...
gross一罗
a gross of nails／pencils／can openers...
pile一大堆
a pile of what-ifs一大堆假定
mound一大堆
a mound（mouthful）maybes满嘴的可能
clump一群
a clump of islands／buildings
school流派
the school of traditional grammar
train一列
a train of cars一列火车厢
pot一锅
a pot of soup／tea／water...
fleck片
a fleck of snow...
7、 汉英表量的对应名词（Quantity and amount in both languages）
中英文都有表量的手法,除了常见的平铺直叙的说法,还有一些修辞性说法.如：
a sea of people／flames／blood／flags／flowers／happy faces 如海般的／如潮一样的人群；火海；血海；旗海；花海；无数幸福的面孔
an ocean of trouble／time／space／cheering 无穷的麻烦；无休止的时间；浩瀚的宇宙；欢乐的海洋
a scene of great rejoicing 一片欢腾
a chorus of protest／praise 一片抗议之声／赞扬之声
a trove of Chinese porcelain 一批中国磁器
a grove of coco（a）nut／bamboo 一片椰林/竹林
a blaze of lights 一片灯火
a mountain of debts／rubbish／money／dirty clothes 债台高筑／垃圾如山；家财万贯；一大堆脏衣服
1、一群
一群人 a crowd／group／multitude／throng／army／team／class of people；a gang／swarm／horde／pack／band of people（in a derogatory way）
troop 通常指聚在一起活动的、生气勃勃的一群人.如：
a troop of demonstrators／shoppers／visitors
bevy 特指女性的“一群”,有时指鸟类,尤指鹌鹑或云雀.如：
a bevy of actresses／young women／ladies／shop girls／quails
表贬义的“一群”有：a mob of angry people／rioters／slaves／liars／blackguards
horde 原意为游牧部落,通常含有轻蔑色彩：
a horde of lazy-bones／swindlers／locusts／hooligans
band；gang 常指“帮”：
a band of robbers／gangsters／thieves／outlaws
a gang of criminals／slaves／prisoners
一群牛、象、马、天鹅 a herd of cattle／elephants／horses／swans
一群鸟 a flock of birds／geese／hens／goats／swallows／sheep／chickens
一群猎狗 a pack of hounds／wolves／grouse
一群狐狸 a skulk of foxes
一群狮子 a pride of lions
一群星星 a cluster of stars
一群鱼 a school／shoal of fish／shrimps
一群马 a stud／drove of horses
一群鹅 a gaggle／flock of geese
一群蚊子／蝴蝶 a swarm of mosquitoes／butterflies
一群（窝）蚂蚁 a colony of ants／bees
一群建筑物 a clump／complex of buildings
2、一丝／点／层／片
一片草皮 a chunk of turf
一丝睡意 a wink of sleep
一丝怀疑 a shadow of doubt
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一线未来之光 a glimpse of future
一缕月光 a streak of moonlight／amber（fig）
一丝绿意；一片绿色 a tint of green
一片心意 a small token of our hearts
一丝嫉妒；一阵窘迫 a slight twinge of jealousy／embarrassment
一丝恻隐之心 a sign of sympathy for...
一丝懊悔 a slight twinge of remorse
一层霜／雪／糖霜 a layer of frost／snow／cream
一丝失望的眼神 a flicker of disappointment
（剩下）一口气／一丝气 a spark／breath of life
一丝失望的情绪 a taint／faint of disappointment
一片漆黑 completely dark；dismal night；pitch dark
一片汪洋 a flood of water
3、英译“一阵”,颇有学问,且看以下译例
（突然爆发出的）一阵哭泣／喝彩／炮击／雷声
a burst of tears／cheers／gunfire／thunder
（量如洪水的）一阵泪雨／瓢泼大雨／夸夸其谈
a flood of tears／rain／boasts
少量或稀疏的
一阵（小）雨／射击 a spatter of rain／bullets
一阵稀疏的掌声／喝彩 a spatter of applause／cheers
声响很大的
一阵隆隆的炮声／雷声 a peal of artillery／thunder
突然而猛烈的
一阵暴雨／狂风／烈火 a gust／blast of rain／wind／flame
持续短暂的
一阵怒气／激情／咳嗽 a fit of anger／passion／coughing
一阵呕吐 a vomiting fit
持续一段时间的
一阵厄运／暑热 a spell of bad luck／summer heat
一阵寒潮 a cold spell of weather
一阵昏厥 a fainting spell
（针捻刀刺般的）一阵内疚／牙痛／风湿痛 a twinge of remorse／toothache／rheumatism
一阵尴尬 a twinge of embarrassment
（抽搐或颤抖的）一阵痛苦／伤心／咳嗽／激动 a spasm of pain／grief／coughing／excitement
雹打雨淋般的
一阵轰炸／打击／咒骂 a hail of bombs／blows／curse
一阵弹雨／批评 a shower of bullets／criticism
更多的例子
一阵欢乐 an agony of joy
一阵子爱意 a flush of love
一点点工作 a stroke of work
一阵心脏病发作 a stroke of heart attack
一点点满足 a crumb of satisfaction
一种混乱的政治局面 a chaos of politics
4、“一阵”为何有这么多不同的译法
其实原因很简单,汉语“一阵”这个数量词不含修辞色彩,可用于各类描述；而在英语中,“一阵”这个概念则是由许多不同的名词来表述的,而且这些词一般分别具有不同的修辞色彩.如：
spatter “少量”,“稀疏”之义；
peal 专指一阵响亮或轰鸣的声音；
twinge 特指肉体或心灵上的一阵剧烈的刺痛；
burst 泛指突然爆发出的一阵,有突如其来之感；
hail 和shower的比喻色彩也很浓,有雹打雨淋之感；
spell常用于描述天气、疾病等,表持续一阵子；
flood一词比喻色彩浓厚,给人以量如洪水,滔滔不绝之感；
gust则专指风、雨、雹、火、烟等的突然而猛烈的一阵.也可用喻感情的猛烈进发；
fit常指持续时间短暂的一阵——尤指疾病的短暂发作或感情的短暂进发；
spasm原指痉挛,抽搐,用于动作、感情的一阵突发时,表抽搐或浑身颤抖之感.
由此可见,英译“一阵”,宜细心推敲,酌情翻译.
5、其他类似的汉译英所用的修辞性的用法
a）暗喻Metaphor
一串香蕉a hand of bananas
颗颗汗珠beads of sweat
一长串汽车a string of cars
很大的朋友圈a large circle of friends
b）借代Metonymy
一串珍珠 a rope of pearls
一炉钢 a heat of steel
一年三熟 three crops a year
一大群飞机 a cloud of planes
林立的烟囱 a forest of chimneys
一片沙滩 a beach of sands
c）夸张Hyperbole
多如牛毛的问题 a sea of troubles
一大笔钱 a pile of money
勃然大怒 a wave of anger
开怀大笑 gales of laughter
无数次 heaps of times
小不点 a dot of child
一小撮敌人 a pinch of enemy
滔滔不绝的话语 a flood of words
6、英语常用单位词及汉语对应词（Commonly-used unit nouns and their Chinese equivalents）
piece块；片；段；项；件；篇；首；幅；张
a piece of bread／paper／wood／furniture／land／advice／news／meat／cloth／music...
bit一点；一些；一片
a bit of water／wood／grass／trouble...
item条；则；项
an item of news／information／business／programme...
article件；项；条
an article of furniture／clothing／luggage／export...
grain粒；颗
a grain of ricce／wheat／salt／sand...
drop滴
a drop of water／oil／rain／blood／dew...
slice薄片
a slice of meat／bread／cake／ham...
cake块
a cake of soap／mud／ice...
bar块；条
a bar of chocolate／candy／soap...
ear穗
an ear of corn／rice／wheat／millet...
loaf块；条
a loaf of bread...
lump块；团
a lump of clay／sugar／earth...
spiral盘
a spiral of mosquito incense...
card板
a card of buttons
pack副；盒
a pack of cards／cigarettes
fistful（s）一把
a fistful of sand／rice...
handful（s）一把
a handful of soil...
armful（s）一抱
an armful of flowers...
cupful（s）一杯
four cupfuls of jam...
mouthful（s）一口
a mouthful of snow／whys...
spoonful（s）一汤匙
a spoonful of sugar...
spadeful（s）一铲
a spadeful of coal...
bagful（s）一袋
a bagful of letters...
但an eyeful of…的意思是“对……大饱眼福”
truckload一货车
a truckload of apples...
shipload一船
a shipload of TV sets...
lorryload一卡车
a lorryload of iron...
fit一阵子
a fit of coughing／fever／laughter／anger／...
ray一线
a ray of hope／intelligence／sunlight…
peal一阵
a peal of thunder／laughter／applause...
flash闪现一下
a flash of hope／lightening／wit...
display炫耀一下
a display of power／courage／force／learning／skill...
attack一疾病的发作
an attack of fever／malaria
group组；群；批
a group of students...
team队：组
a team of experts／footballers／scientists...
gang帮；伙；群；队；组
a gang of four／thieves／robbers...
army大群；队
an army of beggars／ants／bees...
troop群；伙
a troop of soldiers...
host大群
a host of friends／heroes...
pack群；伙
a pack of liars／thieves／rascals／hounds...
band帮；伙
a band of music（players）／brigands...
choir队；组；群
a choir of singers...
bunch串；束；挂；群；帮；伙
a bunch of bananas／fools／flowers／keys／thieves．
bouquet束；把
bouquet of flowers
string串；挂；节
a string of beads／pearls／words／thread
sheaf p1．sheaves捆；束
a sheaf of wheat／arrows／papers
crew帮；伙；全体
a crew of sailors／pilots
party组；伙；批
a party of guests／children...
batch批
a batch of letters／telegrams／visitors...
gaggle群
a gaggle of geese／girls...
litter一窝
a litter of kittens／little piglets／puppies...
herd群
a herd of elephants／deer／cattle...s
swarm群
a swarm of ants／locusts／bees／people／stars...
cluster串；束；群；组
a cluster of flowers／grapes／bees／islands／stars...
a cluster of butterflies／grapes／berries／consonants／houses
brood窝；群；组
a brood of chickens／paintings／thieves...
school群
a school of whales／dolphins...
shoal群
a shoal of fish／whales／people...
flock群
a flock of geese／birds／pigeons／ducks／visitors／customers...
dozen一打
a dozen（of）pencils／eggs／red roses...
gross一罗
a gross of nails／pencils／can openers...
pile一大堆
a pile of what-ifs一大堆假定
mound一大堆
a mound（mouthful）maybes满嘴的可能
clump一群
a clump of islands／buildings
school流派
the school of traditional grammar
train一列
a train of cars一列火车厢
pot一锅
a pot of soup／tea／water...
fleck片
a fleck of snow...
7、 汉英表量的对应名词（Quantity and amount in both languages）
中英文都有表量的手法,除了常见的平铺直叙的说法,还有一些修辞性说法.如：
a sea of people／flames／blood／flags／flowers／happy faces 如海般的／如潮一样的人群；火海；血海；旗海；花海；无数幸福的面孔
an ocean of trouble／time／space／cheering 无穷的麻烦；无休止的时间；浩瀚的宇宙；欢乐的海洋
a scene of great rejoicing 一片欢腾
a chorus of protest／praise 一片抗议之声／赞扬之声
a trove of Chinese porcelain 一批中国磁器
a grove of coco（a）nut／bamboo 一片椰林/竹林
a blaze of lights 一片灯火
a mountain of debts／rubbish／money／dirty clothes 债台高筑／垃圾如山；家财万贯；一大堆脏衣服